Kua eke ngā kairangi Haina ki tētahi whakauru hou ki te whakatutuki i te "rapanga ahumoni" o te hanganga 3D!

Ki te whanaketanga hauora o te pūkaha me te hangarau i ēnei rā, kua pakaru te hangarau tākiri 3D ki te katoa o te ao pērā i te hau rawhiti kaha. Mai i ngā wāhanga hītori me ngā tauira hua tāpiri, mai i ngā tauira whare whakapakari ki ngā mea whakamahia noa, kua kawea e te hangarau tākiri 3D te whakaaro ki te ao tūmatanui, i te whakapai ake i te oranga o te tangata, i te homai anō hoki i ngā mea hōu ki a mātou.

Te tikanga mahi o te hangarau tākiri 3D

ko te hangarau tākiri 3D, i te mōhiotia hoki e te hangarau tāpiritanga, ko tētahi tikanga hou o te whakaputa i ngā mea e toru-āku kia tāpiripiri ngā rauemi kia heke hei ngā papanga. Ko tana tikanga e ōrite ana ki te hanga whare pāpaku, ka taea te whakarāpopoto ki te "whakapapa whakapapa, tāpiripiri papanga hei papanga".

Kāore te tukatuka 3D i te pikinga. Tuatahi, kua hangaia, kua rite rānei tētahi tauira matihiko ki te whakamahi i te rorohiko hei whakauru rānei i ngā pūkenga rorohiko, kātā ki muri ka tapahia ki te rāpene o ngā papanga tino whakapiri (ko te tikanga ko ngā 'slice'), ā, ko te rahi o ia papanga he iti noa ake i te ruatekau mā whā tekau mā ngā whā (microns). Kātā ka whakamahia ngā mōhio e pā ana ki ngā papanga hei hanga i te otinga mutunga e ngā papanga, e whātata ana ki te mātāpuna tukatuka me ngā rauemi.

ko ngā tukanga tākupu 3D ko te hanga tauira totohu (FDM), ko te tākupu matihiko (SLA, DLP, LCD), ko te umu umu raseri (SLS), ko te hukapapa raseri (SLM), ko te inu tākupu (3DP), me te hanga papanga (LOM).

Ko te Fused deposition modeling (FDM) he tikanga e whakamahi ana i ngā taputapu thermoplastic hei whakapai i te ngongo, ka whakaputua ngā paparanga ki te papa, ka pōpō ki te āhua anamaria. Ko te nuinga o ngā taputapu e whakamahi ana i ngā taputapu thermoplastic penei i te acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS), te polylactic acid (PLA), me ētahi atu. He iti noa ngā here ki te taputapu, he māmā ki te whakahaere, he tōtika ana mō ngā takitahi me ngā toihau iti. Ko ngā "rahipene reta" me ngā "hoari roa tāwhai" e rongonui ana i te wāhi taonga i ēnei rā kua hangaia tēnei ara.

Ko te Stereolithography 3D printing (SLA, DLP, LCD) e whakamahi ana i te mārama o tētahi kōaro me te āhua hei whakaputa i te hōu photosensitive, ka whakaputua te hōu ki ngā paparanga kia hangaia te āhua e hiahiatia ana. He pono te whakaputanga o tēnei tikanga, he mā te mata, he tōtika ana hei hanga i ngā tauira ōrite me ngā wāhanga iti.

Ko te whakamahi i te kiriata raipeka teka (SLS) e whai ana i te kiriata hei whakamātau i ngā taputapu paraihe hei mea kai te kiriata, ka hui tahi ai ki te takotoranga takotoranga ki te takotoranga o te takotoranga. Kei te whakamahi tēnei hangarau i te paraihe hei rawa (pērā i te nylon, te paraihe maitai, te paraihe rāpaki, me ētahi atu), he whakapapa tika te whakapapa, ā, he tino whai hua te whakaputa i ngā wāhanga tārua me ngā hanganga pīroiroi.

He nui ake te kaha o te kiriata raipeka teka (SLM), e rite ana ki te kiriata raipeka teka (SLS), ā, ka taea te mea i te paraihe maitai katoa hei whakapiki i te tere o te tārua maitai. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka whakamahia tēnei hangarau i te paraihe maitai (pērā i te maitai titanium, te maitai inox, me ētahi atu) hei rawa, ka taea te whakaputa i ngā wāhanga maitai kaha, tikanga tikanga, ā, ka whakamahia whānui ki ngā umanga hauora, ki te hauora, me ētahi atu.

Ko te taupira inihua (3DP) e whakamahi ana i ngā taputapu (paraihe, rānei) me ngā kātata hei rāwekanga, ā, e whakamahi ana i te tikanga herehere hei taupiri i ia wāhanga ki te takotoranga. Ko ngā tauira hua o tēnei tikanga taupiri he tōrōrite katoa ki te hua tūturu, ā, ko tēnei wā he tikanga taupiri 3D tōrōrite e mōhio ana te tangata.

Ko te hanga papanga (LOM) e whakamahi ana i ngā paparorohiko (pērā i te pepa, te kiriata hou, me ētahi atu) me te kātata huna hei rāwekanga, ā, e hangaia ana te hua e hiahiatia ana ki te takotoranga mā te tapa a laser me te kātata huna. E hōhonu te tere o te hanga, he iti noa ngā utu rāwekanga, ā, he tino pai mō te hanga i ngā hanganga rahi me ngā kōpaki.

Ahakoa te tikanga o te hua hanga 3D kei te teitei te whakapapa whakarewa, heoi anō hoki e herea ana e ngā rāwai hua. Ko ngā hua e whakaputahia ana e te 3D he tino pāpaku, ā, he māmā noa ki te pakaru mā te kaha o waho. Ina whakamahia ēnei hua ki ngā wāhi e hiahiatia ana te kaha o te hinu, ka tū ake he āhua "kāore i te kaha". Nō reira, me pēhea te whakapai ake i te "ngākau rōpere" o ngā hua e whakaputahia ana e te 3D, kia huaia e rātou he "kiri" pai hoki, ā, he kaha ki te kaha kia kaua e pakaru?

I te Rātapu, te 3 o Hōngongoi 2024, i whakaputahia e ngā kairangahau o Haina tētahi hua ako i ngā elastomers e whakaputahia ana e te 3D i te pukapuka whai mātauranga a Nature. Ko ngā kōhiti rāpaki e hangaia ana ki tēnei tikanga e taea ana te kawenga ki te 9 ngā wā tonu ake o rātou ake roa, ā, ko te kaha tāpene tino teitei e eke ana ki te 94.6MPa, e ōrite ana ki te 1mm tapawhā e taea ai te here i te paku taumaha o te 10kg, e whakaatu ana i te kaha tino teitei me te kaha pakaru.

"Te whakauru" i waenganui i te āhua whakamutunga me te kaha pakaru o ngā hua kua hangaia

I te tukanga whakaputanga 3D photocuring (SLA, DLP, LCD), kia pai ake te mahi whakaputa me whakapai ake i te tere takotoranga, e aronga ai ki te whakapakari ake i te kaha o te taraiwa i te wā o te whakapai, engari ka iti ake te kaha o te taraiwa. Ki ngā tikanga tūmatanui, ina kaha ake te taraiwa, ka piki hoki te kaha o te taraiwa, ka iti ake te āhua o te taraiwa, ka iti ake te tere o te takotoranga. Ko te whirinakitanga i waenganui i te tere takotoranga o te whakaputanga 3D me te kaha o te hua whakamutunga he pāngarau i āwhina i te umanga katoa.

Kua "whakaaetia" ngā tākunetanga e rua tēnei e ngā kairangahau Hainamana. I whakawhanake ngā kairangahau he ara mō te tāwhai whakapua me te tāwhai i muri i te tāwhai, i te whai mōhio ki te huinga tuatahi o te tāpere huinga tāpere mō te tāwhai 3D photocuring, me te tāwhai i te tāwhai. I whakawhanakea e ngā kairangahau te DLP (digital light processing) taumata dimethacrylate, kei roto he urea pūngāwera herekai me ngā rōpū karu karu e rua ki te tātai. I te wā o te tāwhai me te hanganga, kei te āhua "moe" ngā wāhanga matua, ā, ka whakamoemiti i te wā o te tāwhai i muri i te hanganga.

a. Ngā taonga tāwhai 3D me ō rātou rerekētanga rahi i te wā o te tāwhai i muri i te hanganga; b. Whakaaetanga tākarotia o ngā pāpā tāwhai 3D; c. Te tauira o te kaha o te tākarotia mekanikirana; d-e. Whakamātautau tāwhai 3D pneumatic gripper whakapakoko. Koutu whakaahua: Tuhinga anō [1]

I te wā o te whakapai ake i muri i te 90°C, ka wehe ngā hononga urea e whakararu ana i ngā hua e whakaputahia ana e te 3D hei whakaputanga i ngā rōpū isocyanate, e whakawhitinga ana i te taha kotahi ngā hononga amide ki ngā rōpū karuwa karuwa, ā, i te taha tuarua ka uru mai ki te wai e hāngaihia ana e te aci karuwa hei whakaputa i ngā hononga urea. Ka huringa ngā hononga kimikimi o roto i ngā molekīne e hono ana i te rōtātanga tūturu ki te rōtātanga uru atu, e āhua rite ana ki te "ringaringa ki te ringaringa", e kawenga atu ana i te maha ake o ngā hononga hauropi me te whakakaha i te hanganga o roto o te matāpuna. Ko te mea tino nui ko ngā huringa ki te hanganga o roto o te matāpuna ka hua ai te wāhi pūmahara nui ake mō ngā hua e whakaputahia ana e te 3D ina pēhia ai e ngā kaha o waho, e āhua rite ana ki te kaha herehere o te pat ki te waka, ka whakapai ake i te kaha whiti me te kaha pakaru o te hua me te kaha whakapapa nui ake.

Ko ngā putunga whakamātau e whakaatu ana ko te kiri tāpiritia e 3D te whakaputanga i te DLP kua rite ki te 0.8 mm te kaha o te kaha ki te tāpapa i te tāpapa, e āwhina ana i te kaha ki te tāpapa i te kaha o 74.4 Newtons kia kaua e pakaru. Tāpirihia te pāmahana pāmahana, ka taea e te gripper pāmahana 3D-tāpiri te tango i te pōro paraihe e 70 grama te taumaha me ngā mata kaihau ki runga ki te mata kia kaua e pakaru, e whakaatu ana i te kaha o te kaha o ngā hua 3D-tāpiri.

Whakamahinga whānui o ngā tāpiritanga 3D

I te ao o ngā taputapu hākinakina, ko ngā elastomer e printia ana i 3D e whakarite ana i ngā taputapu whaihua, whai mahi tikangia mō ngā kātata. Hei tauira, kei te whakamahia ngā taputapu rite ki te pōpō whakauru me ngā taputapu tiaki i ngā īrijitanga o te elastomer me te tautoko i te whakapai ake i te mahi a te kātata me te whakapai ake i te wheako kākahu. Ina nui rawa, kei ngā hākinakina tūkino me ngā hākinakina e patu pakanga ana, ka taea e ngā taputapu elastomer e printia ana i 3D te whakaiti i te patu ki te kātata i te wā o te neke me te tiaki i ā rātou tōpōpō me ā rātou kōiwi mai i te whara.

I ngā umanga motukā me te umanga rererangi, kei te whakamahia ngā elastomer e printia ana i 3D mō ngā wāhanga matua pērā i ngā wāhanga e muramura ai i te patu me ngā kōwhai. Ka taea e ēnei wāhanga te whakaiti i te taumaha ina whakamahia ngā hoahoa hanganga pīroiroa ake anō hoki te whakauru i te mahi teitei.

I te ao o ngā hua hiko, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakamaori mōhio, ngā kiriata mōhio, ngā kōpaki waea pōnaha me ētahi atu hua te whakaputa i ngā matū kōaro. Kaua ko te ngohengohe me te whiti o ēnehi hua anake, engari ko te whakapāmau hoki me te roa o te whakamahinga, ka taea hoki e ngā kaihoko te whakamahi i te āhua me te mahi o ngā hua.

I te ao hanga whare, ko te hanganga kōaro 3D te whakamahia hei hanga i ngā mōhiō hanga me ngā tātāpene tōtika me ētahi atu wāhanga. Me whakauru ngā wāhanga ki te whakapakoko nui ake me te rerehua, ā, ko ngā matū kōaro ngā kōwhiringa tino pai ki ā rātou whiti whakapā atu hoki me te whakapāmau. Ka taea hoki e te hanga i ēnehi wāhanga ki te hanganga 3D te whakapai ake i te mahi whakaputanga, me te whakaiti i ngā utu hanga.

Ko te tū mai o te hangarau kōaro 3D te whakarahi ake i ngā whakamahinga o ngā hua hanganga 3D, me te kawemai i ngā tautohe mārie ki ā mātou oranga.